Reforestation tree species for Global

(Other counties. Raw data: Github. Seedling ID HOWTO and naming info. Glossaries of botanical terms: Wikipedia, Calflora, Chicago flora, Bell.)

1Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn. ex Benth. (Fabaceae)
earleaf acacia (en), kaliptis (ht)

Morphology: Distinctive, curved leaf with several parallel midribs (the ‘leaf’ is actually a flattened rachis). A (large?) number of acacia species have a similar seedling form, so if there are two such species planted in the same area, care must be taken. Leaves alternate.		ACACAURIseedlingseedling
2Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Arn. (Fabaceae)
pink cedar

Morphology: Leaves alternate. Leaves on small seedlings pinnate, with later leaves bipinnate. Some intermediate leaves may even be present with opposite leaflets basal on the main rachis, and pinnate leaflets more proximally. Leaflets entire, indeed looking like fraxinus leaflets.		ACROFRAXseedlingseedling
3Alstonia spatulata Blume (Apocynaceae)
pulai (id)

Morphology: Leaves 3-whorled, elliptical, leathery.		ALSTSPATseedlingseedling
4Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae)
cashew (en), nwa o pom (ht)

Morphology: Leaves alternate. Petiole short. In older seedlings, secondary veins almost perpendicular to midrib. Leaf sometimes reddish.		ANACOCCIseedlingseedling
5Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae)
soursop (en), korosol (ht)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, elliptic, with glossy upper surface. Secondary veins not visible.		ANNOMURIseedlingseedling
6Annona reticulata L. (Annonaceae)
bullock's heart (en)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, held disticous in older plants. Leaf elliptic to oblong. Secondary veins impressed into leaf blade.		ANNORETIseedlingseedling
7Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae)
sweetsop (en), custard apple (en), cashima (ht)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, held disticous in older plants. Leaf elliptic, light green. Secondary veins appear pale on leaf blade.		ANNOSQUAseedlingseedling
8Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg (Moraceae)
breadfruit (en), lam veritab (ht)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, tough, dark-green leaves. Youngest seedlings with serrated leaf margin, soon becoming deeply incised in older plants. This change to incised leaves happens later than in ARTOCAMA

Compare with: ARTOCAMA 		ARTOALTAseedlingseedling
9Artocarpus camansi (Moraceae)
breadnut (en), labapen (ht)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, tough, dark-green leaves. Youngest seedlings with serrated leaf margin, soon becoming deeply incised in older plants. This change to incised leaves happens earlier than in ARTOALTA

Compare with: ARTOALTA 		ARTOCAMAseedlingseedling
10Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae)
jackfruit (en), nangka (id)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, tough, bright green to dark green, glabrous. Margin entire.

Compare with: ARTOALTA ARTOINTE 		ARTOHETEseedlingseedling
11Artocarpus integer (Moraceae)
cempedak (id)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, with wiry hairs on twigs and petioles. Margin entire.

Compare with: ARTOHETE 		ARTOINTEseedlingseedling
12Azadirachta indica A.Juss (Meliaceae)
neem (in, en), dogoyaro (ng), nim (ht)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, imparipinnate. Leaflets 10 to 30, serrate.		AZADINDIseedlingseedling
13Caesalpinia pulcherrima (Fabaceae)
poinciana (en), pride of Barbados (en)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, bipinnate, with 7-10 leaflets per sub-rachis.

Compare with: DELOREGI 		CAES0001seedlingseedling
14Calophyllum calaba Jacq. (Clusiaceae)


Morphology: Leaves opposite, secondary veins very fine, dense and parallel.		CALOCALAseedlingseedling
15Cariniana pyriformis Miers (Lecythidaceae)
Colombian mahogany (en), albarco

Morphology: Leaves alternate, held in a flat plane, simple; margin strongly wavy. Secondary veins deeply sunken.

Compare with: MAESEMIN 		CARIPYRIseedlingseedling
16Casuarina equisetifolia L. (Casuarinaceae)
beach sheoak (en)

Morphology: Long, leaf-like twigs with reduced leaves. Superficially like a pine.		CASUEQUIseedlingseedling
17Catalpa longissima (Jacq.) Dum. Cours. (Bignoniaceae)
chèn (ht), Haitian catalpa (en), Jamaican oak (en), Spanish oak (en), yokewood (en)

Morphology: Leaves opposite with long, thin peioles. Margin sometimes appearing sometimes coursely serrate but maybe just undulate. Leaves of young seedlings usually with pale yeallow variegation streaks on leaf.		CATALONGseedlingseedling
18Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae)
sed (ht), sède (ht), Spanish cedar (en)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, imparipinnate when young, becoming paripinnate (at ~50-100 cm tall), with 3-6 opposite leaflets. Secondary veins on leaflets faint, paler than lamina where visible, 5-8 pairs. Leaflets with less sunken veins that SWIEMACR or SWIEMAHO. ATTENTION: larger, paripinnate seedlings are hard to differentiate from SWIEMACR

Compare with: SWIEMACR SWIEMAHO 		CEDRODORseedlingseedling
19Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Bl. (Lauraceae)
kayu manis (id), cinnamon (en)

Morphology: Leaves (sub-)opposite, with three basal veins which run the length of the leaf.		CINNINERseedlingseedling
20Citrus (Rutaceae)
citrus (en)

Morphology: Leaves alternate. Petiole winged, obovately. Leaf blade obovate, dark green. Secondary veins obsure. Citrus (hybrid) species are difficult to tell apart. Use this genus-level class for most citrus IDs.		CITR0000seedlingseedling
21Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae)
kokoye (ht), coconut (en)

Morphology: Leaves emerge spirally from a hidden apex. Venation palmate.		COCONUCIseedlingseedling
22Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A.Juss. (Euphorbiaceae)
variegated croton

Morphology: Leaves alternate; petioles thick, curved; leaves obovate, veriegated.		CODIVARIseedlingseedling
23Coffea (Rubiaceae)
coffee (en), kopi (id)

Morphology: Leaves opposite, broadly elliptical. With pointed interpetiolar stipule. Generic Rubiaceae appearence.		COFF0000seedlingseedling
24Cola acuminata Schott & Endl. (Malvaceae)
kola nut (en)

Morphology: Leave alternate. Petiole long, kneed. Leaves glabrous, leathery with three basal veins.		COLAACUMseedlingseedling
25Colubrina arborescens (Mill.) Sarg. (Rhamnaceae)
bwa ple (ht), kapab (ht), greenheart (en)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, glossy dark green above. Rusty pubescence on twigs and petiole. Tertiary nerves depressed into upper surface of leaf.		COLUARBOseedlingseedling
26Cordia alliodora (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Oken. (Boraginaceae)
bwa woz (ht), bwa soumi (ht)

Morphology: Leaves althernate.		CORDALLIseedlingseedling
27Croton megalocarpus Hutch. (Euphorbiaceae)
mukinduri (ke)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, long-petioled, golden-scaled below. Margin entire. Lamina deeply corrugated between secondary nerves. Leaf base cordate.		CROTMEGAseedlingseedling
28Cupressaceae spp. (Cupressaceae)


Morphology: Youngest seedlings with opposite, needle leaves. Older seedlings and trees with scale leaves adpressed to twig.

Compare with: CUPRLUSI JUNIPROC 		CUPR0000seedlingseedling
29Cupressus lusitanica Mill. (Cupressaceae)


Morphology: Youngest seedlings with opposite, needle leaves. Older seedlings and trees with scale leaves adpressed to twig.

Compare with: CUPR0000 JUNIPROC 		CUPRLUSIseedlingseedling
30Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf. (Fabaceae)
flamboyant (en), flame of the forest (en), flame tree (en)

Morphology: Young plants: leaves pinnate with 5-12 pairs of leaflets. Leaflets wide oblong to slightly obovate, apex rounded, rarely with slight notch at apex. Older plants: bipinnate with tens of pairs of sub-rachis, and tens of pairs of leaflets per sub rachis.

Compare with: CAES0001 		DELOREGIseedlingseedling
31Dombeya torrida (J.F.Gmel.) Hepper & Friis (Malvaceae)
mukeu (ke:kikuyu)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, large, round, hairy (visible in photos)

Compare with: INDE0001 		DOMBTORRseedlingseedling
32Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae)
eucalyptus

Morphology: Smallest seedlings often with sessile, opposite leaves. Older seedlings with alternate, petiolate leaves.		EUCA0000seedlingseedling
33Falcataria falcata (L.) Greuter & R.Rankin (Fabaceae)
sengon (id)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, bipinnate. Leaflets not touching each other, with midrib off-center (towards leaf apex), strongly asymmetric. Terminal leaflets like Bauhinia leaves.		FALCFALCseedlingseedling
34Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. (Fabaceae)
gliricidia (en), piyon (ht)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, imparipinnate. Leaflets elliptical, entire. Secondary veins obscure.		GLIRSEPIseedlingseedling
35Gmelina arborea Roxb. (Lamiaceae)
gmelina (en), yemani (sl)

Morphology: Leaves opposite, broadly ovate, deeply serrate in seedlings, entier in adults.		GMELARBOseedlingseedling
36Grevillea banksii R.Br. (Proteaceae)
scarlet grevillea (en)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, pinnately lobed. Lobes opposite, 4 pairs with terminal, narrow, with parallel sides, not tending towards pinnate sub-lobing.

Compare with: GREVROBU 		GREVBANKseedlingseedling
37Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br. (Proteaceae)
silky oak (en)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, pinnately to bipinnately lobed. lobes with serrate margins, tending towards pinnate sub-lobing. Primary lobes up to 10 pairs, opposite on 'rachis'.

Compare with: GREVBANK 		GREVROBUseedlingseedling
38Handroanthus chrysanthus (Jacq.) S.O.Grose (Bignoniaceae)
yellow ipê (en), guayacán (co), araguaney (ve)

Morphology: Leaves opposite, palmately compound.		HANDCHRYseedlingseedling
39Hymenaea courbaril L. (Fabaceae)
stinking toe (en)

Morphology: Leaves alternate. Leaflets two, asymmetric.		HYMECOURseedlingseedling
40Indet. 1


Morphology: Leaves ovoid, long-petioled, pale below but not golden. Seven basal veins originating from leaf base. Leaf base deeply cordate with margins overlapping. Leaf margin serrate.

Compare with: CROTMEGA 		INDE0001seedlingseedling
41Indet. 3


Morphology: Leaves palmate. Not clear yet if alternate or opposite.		INDE0003seedlingseedling
42Indet. 4 (Meliaceae)


Morphology: Leaves alternate, elliptical or obovate, base acute. Upper leaf surface shiny. Petiole long, with a knee at junction with leaf blade.

Compare with: SWIEMACR SWIEMAHO THEOCACA 		INDE0004seedlingseedling
43Indet. 5


Morphology: Leaves alternate, paripinnate. Leaflets opposite, 3-5 pairs, leaflets opposite. Secondary veins pale, at right angles to leaflet primary vein.		INDE0005seedlingseedling
44Inga feuilleei DC. (Fabaceae)
pacay (ht), ice-cream bean (en)

Morphology: Leaves alternate. In young seedlings, leaf consists of winged rachis and only two opposite leaflets.		INGAFEUIseedlingseedling
45Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl. (Cupressaceae)
African pencil cedar (en), African juniper (en), mtarakwa (tz)

Morphology: Youngest seedlings with opposite, needle leaves. Older seedlings and trees with scale leaves adpressed to twig.

Compare with: CUPR0000 CUPRLUSI 		JUNIPROCseedlingseedling
46Maesopsis eminii Engl. (Rahamnaceae)
umbrella tree (en)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, glossy above. Secondary veins deeply sunken above. Tertiary veins densely parallel and visible in photos. Margin with distinctive 'pinching' or notching at end of secondary veins.		MAESEMINseedlingseedling
47Malpighia glabra L. (Malpighiaceae)
acerola, cherise (ht)

Morphology: Small, opposite, coriaceous leaves with pale midrib. Longer twigs tend towards growing horizontally; then leaves are held in a single plane.		INDE0002seedlingseedling
48Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae)
mango (en, ht)

Morphology: Leaves alternate. Petiole long. Leaves long, leathery, with secondary veins almost perpendicular to the midrib. Compare with cashew.		MANGINDIseedlingseedling
49Manilkara zapota (L.) P.Royen (Sapotaceae)
sapodilla (en), sapoti (ht)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, elliptic, glossy above. Secondary veins inconspicuous. Compare with ANNOMURI.		MANIZAPOseedlingseedling
50Markhamia lutea (Benth.) K.Schum. (Bignoniaceae)
Nile tulip tree (en)

Morphology: Leaves opposite, simple in youngest seedlings, imparipinnate after ~tenth leaf (with three leaflets, then five, then seven). Stipules large, appearing interpetiolar. Margin serrate (in seedlings).		MARKLUTEseedlingseedling
51Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq. (Sapindaceae)
quenepe (ht)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, pinnate. Rachis winged.		MELIBIJUseedlingseedling
52Monoon longifolium Sonn. B.Xue & R.M.K.Saunders (Annonaceae)
false ashoka (en)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, lanceolate, leathery. Margin often wavy.		POLYLONGseedlingseedling
53Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae)
doliv (ht), moringa (en)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, bipinnate. Leaflets oval.		MORIOLEIseedlingseedling
54Musa (Musaceae)
banana (en)

Morphology: Very large, monocot leaves. Classic banana form.		MUSA0000seedlingseedling
55Newtonia buchananii (Fabaceae)


Morphology: Leaves bipinnate. Leaflets 35-65 pairs, linear or falcate, 2-9 mm long.		NEWTBUCHseedlingseedling
56Parkia speciosa Hassk. (Fabaceae)
petai, pete (id)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, bipinnate, with 10-20 pinnae and 10-30 leaflet pairs per pinnae. Leaflets oblong, main nerve central.		PARKSPECseedlingseedling
57Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae)
zaboka (ht), avocado (en)

Morphology: Leaves alternate. Tending towards obovate, sometime reddish when young. Very generic tropical tree seedling leaves.		PERSAMERseedlingseedling
58Piliostigma thonningii (Schum.) Milne-Redh. (Fabaceae)
camel's foot (en)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, simple. Leaf apex deeply cleft.		PILITHONseedlingseedling
59Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham. (Pinaceae)
PINUPATUseedling 
60Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. (Fabaceae)
guamúchil (mx)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, bijugate (paripinnate with one pair of leflets). Twig with thorns.		PITHDULCseedlingseedling
61Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae)
stinkwood (en), muiri (ke)

Morphology: Leaves alternate. Stem and petiole often reddish. Margin finely serrate (but not visible in most photos).		PRUNAFRIseedlingseedling
62Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae)
guava (en)

Morphology: Leaves opposite. Secondary veins deeply sunken into leaf (from above).		PSIDGUAJseedlingseedling
63Senna siamea (Lam.) Irwin et Barneby (Fabaceae)
siamese cassia, kassod (en), (a)kasya (ht)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, paripinnate. Leaflets opposite, 6-16, elliptic. Secondary veins obscure. Leaflets similar to GLIRSEPI, but leaf without a terminal leaflet.		SENNSIAMseedlingseedling
64Simarouba glauca DC. var. latifolia Cronq. (Simaroubaceae)
bwa fwenn (ht), bwa blan (ht), doliv (ht), simarouba (en), princess tree (ht)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, imparipinnate. Leaflets alternate, 6-7 pairs.

Compare with: INDE0005 		SIMAGLAUseedlingseedling
65Spathodea campanulata P.Beauv. (Bignoniaceae)
African tulip tree (en), kibobakasi (tz)

Morphology: Leaves opposite and pinnate, with brown hairs in young seedlings.		SPATCAMPseedlingseedling
66Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae)
mahogany (en), big-leaved mahogany (en)

Morphology: Leaves alternate. Young plants have simple leaves, with long petiole and swollen 'knee', older plants transition through a brief imparipinnate phase, soon becoming paripinnate. Secondary veins deeply sunken above (cf. CEDRODOR), and curving more rapidly in their distal third than CEDRODOR.

Compare with: CEDRODOR INDE0004 SWIEMAHO 		SWIEMACRseedlingseedling
67Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. (Meliaceae)
West Indian mahogany (en), kayou peyi (ht)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, older seedlings and tree paripinnate. Secondary veins sunken, leaflets appearing leathery and dark green, more ovate than SWIEMACR. Smallest seedlings no known yet, but probably simple (see SWIEMACR).

Compare with: CEDRODOR INDE0004 SWIEMACR 		SWIEMAHOseedlingseedling
68Syzygium guineense Wall. (Myrtaceae)
mukoe (ke:kikuyu)

Morphology: Leaves opposite, dark green above, narrow-ish and appearing leathery.		SYZYGUINseedlingseedling
69Tamarindus indica L. (Fabaceae)
tamarind (en), tamren (ht), tombi (sl)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, paripinnate. Leaflets opposite on rachis, in 7-8 pairs, oblong in shape.		TAMAINDIseedlingseedling
70Tectona grandis L.f. (Lamiaceae)
teak (en)

Morphology: Leaves opposite, large, obovate, almost sessile.		TECTGRANseedlingseedling
71Terminalia catappa L. (Combretaceae)
sea almond (en), zanmann (ht), ketapang (id)

Morphology: Leaves alternate, obovate. Young seedlings still show the first pair of kidney-shaped leaves.		TERMCATAseedlingseedling
72Terminalia ivorensis A.Chev. (Combretaceae)
ronko (sl), bagyi (sl), idigbo (en)		TERMIVORseedlingseedling
73Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae)
cacao (en)

Morphology: Leaves alternate. Petiole narrow, at an angle to plane of leaf, and swollen ‘knee’ at petiole apex. Leaves large, dark-green, with strongly curving secondary veins. Older plants show a ‘V’ pair of basal secondary veins, but these are less obvious in the smaller plants.		THEOCACAseedlingseedling
74Vachellia tortilis (Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi (Fabaceae)
umbrella thorn (en), ltepes (ke)

Morphology: Twigs with pairs of straight, long, white thorns and pairs of shorter, curved dark thorns. Leaves approx. 2.5 cm long, pinnate, with 4 to 10 pairs of pinnae, each with up to 15 pairs of leaflets. Pods coiled.		ACACTORTseedlingseedling

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